Artículos Científicos

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Acai (Euterpe Oleracea Mart): Antioxidant Capacity And Its Perspective For The Prenvention Of Multiple Diseases In The Peruvian Amazon – A Review
(Carpathian journal of food science and technology, 2023-01-19) Ore Areche, Franklin; Ore Areche, Franklin
The acai (Euterpe oleracea mart), is considered a small and round berry, is native to the Amazon rainforest of South America, prevailing in the diet of different indigenous peoples, within the composition of this fruit is recognized different bioactive compounds, where the most impact in reference to health is given to the antioxidant capacity that provides anthocyanins, impacting the slowing of free radicals, this in turn infers in the delay of carcinogenic activity infiriendo in diseases such as: breast cancer, stomach cancer. This fruit is currently generating worldwide expectation, due to its properties, which is why the European continent is one of the largest traders of this fruit, likewise, the United States is considered the largest importer of acai pulp, where this product is not only emphasized to the food industry, it is also diversified for the production of dyes and industrial supplements. The purpose of this work consisted of a systematic review, oriented to the compilation of information on the antioxidant capacity of this berries, influencing in different types of diseases through the importance of its properties, within the search facilities, databases were used attached to keywords in relation to the topic, considering articles from the last five years of publication, finding 41 articles, then hierarchized by filters to obtain only 15 articles focused on the most relevant to the topic.
Analysis of the effectiveness of the OSHA food standard in the united states tortilla industry
(Asociación Italiana de Ingeniería Química (AIDIC), 2024-10-15) Espinoza Calderón, Gustavo Adolfo; Bustamante Cárdenas, Gloria Olivia
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is a division of the U.S. Department of Labor. Its mission is to minimize health and safety hazards to workers in manufacturing industries. The focus was on its application in the food industry. Specifically in the manufacture of corn and wheat flour tortillas. These products have a high consumption in the North American country. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms of the tortilla industry to adapt each activity to safety standards. In addition, to evaluate a measurable impact on the accidents that occurred and how they were corrected. The results show that OSHA standards enabled the design and anagement of industrial safety for the tortilla industry. This study identified three safety measures: personal protective equipment (PPE), chemical handling (SDS), and lockout/tagout (LOTO). Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the impacts of the revised standard on tortilla worker safety. The findings indicate that nearly 24% of all injuries occur in this type of industry. It can be concluded that increasing workplace safety and compliance with legislation is currently a high priority in the food industry, although food safety is also of great importance. Both aspects can now go hand in hand thanks to the wide variety of safety solutions identified with low risk of contamination.
Anemia en puérperas andinas peruanas según el tipo de parto: estudio comparativo
(2023-02) Muñoz de la Torre, Rossibel Juana; Muñoz de la Torre, Rossibel Juana
OBJETIVO: Describir y comparar las características obstétricas de pacientes puérperas, con anemia, con finalización del embarazo por parto o cesárea. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo y com parativo de pacientes con anemia en el puerperio de parto y de cesárea atendidas en el Hospital de Lircay de Huancavelica en el año 2020. Se aplicó la técnica del análisis documental y el instrumento fue una ficha de recolección de datos. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 162 partos y 46 cesáreas. En las características patoló gicas se encontró una diferencia significativa: anemia en el embarazo (112 de 162; 69.1% posparto y 23 de 46 [50% de poscesárea]), trastornos hipertensivos (4 de 162; 2.5% postparto y 8 de 46 [7.4% de poscesárea]), hemorragias de la segunda mitad del embarazo (2 de 162 [1.2% de postparto] y 4 de 46 [8.7% poscesárea]). En cuanto al grado de anemia se encontró diferencia significativa en ambos grupos en relación con el grado moderado (89 de 162 [54.9%] postparto y 33 de 46 [71.7%] en poscesárea). CONCLUSIONES: En la frecuencia de anemia puerperal se encontró una diferencia conforme al tipo de finalización del embarazo. La edad, grado de escolaridad, anemia gestacional, trastorno hipertensivo, hemorragia de la segunda mitad de embarazo y la placenta previa se identificaron como factores con diferencias significativas en la anemia, según el tipo de finalización del embarazo.
Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli isolated from alpacas (Vicugna pacus) with and without diarrhea
(Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica, 2020-11-24) Carhuapoma De La cruz, Victor; Valencia Mamani, Nicasio
A nivel mundial, el problema de resistencia a antibióticos es considerado de prioridad sanitaria pública y veterinaria, por ello el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la presencia de resistencia antibiótica frente a Salmonella sp., y Escherichia coli provenientes de crías de alpacas con y sin diarrea. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo transversal múltiple. Se recolectaron 300 muestras de heces por hisopado rectal de crías de alpacas entre 10 a 60 días nacidas con y sin cuadros diarreicos provenientes de Comunidades Campesinas de Huancavelica-Perú. La presencia de Escherichia coli y Salmonella spp. Se identificó mediante pruebas bioquímicas la susceptibilidad antibacteriana por método Kirby Bauer y se evaluaron 8 antibióticos usuales del mercado veterinaria. El 100% de muestras con diarreas fueron positivas a Escherichia coli, 40,0% Salmonella spp., 20% Escherichia coli-Salmonella spp. y muestras sin diarrea 57,0% positivas a Escherichia coli, 24,0% Salmonella spp., 19.0% E. coli-Salmonella spp. Las cepas de Escherichia coli y Salmonella spp. fueron resistentes a Ampicilina (10,4± 0,3), (9,3± 0,2); Novomicina (11,1± 0,2), (11,2± 0,1); Tetraciclina (8,2± 0,1), (9,2± 0,3); Penicilina (9,1± 0,4), (11,1± 0,3); Gentamicina (10,1± 0,4), (10,2± 0,3) provenientes de muestras con diarrea y en muestras sin diarrea resistentes a Gentamicina (10,3± 0,1), (8,2± 0,1); Tetraciclina (9,2± 0,4), (8,2± 0,4); Ampicilina (11,2± 0,1), (9,3± 0,2); Penicilina (10,2± 0,4), (10,1± 0,3). Las cepas de Salmonella spp., y Escherichia coli aisladas de crías de alpacas con y sin diarreas evidencian resistencia antibacteriana a múltiples antibióticos usados en la veterinaria. Palabras clave: alpaca, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance.
Characterization of Metallic Gold Nanoparticles in a Colloidal State by Artificial Vision
(Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej, 2024-01-26) Márquez Camarena, Javier Francisco; Carbajal Morán, Hipólito; Galván Maldonado, Carlos Abel
Gold nanoparticles in their colloidal state have different colors, and the equipment for their characterization, such as UV-Vis spectrophotometers, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), has high costs. The research aimed to characterize metallic gold nanoparticles by artificial vision based on the color of the samples in the colloidal state. The sensor used for the sampling was a 50 MP triple-lens camera with the optical image stabilization (OIS) of a smartphone. The Vision Acquisition and Vision Assistant blocks in the NI LabVIEW platform were used to implement an artificial vision device. The camera interface was used to identify the color of each of the 10 samples of colloidal gold nanoparticles produced by the YAG laser and chemical reduction in 15 ml of deionized water. The characterization consisted of the determination of the size and concentration of the gold nanoparticles based on their color, which ranged from pink to red wine. As a result, the artificial vision device adequately identified the color of the metallic gold nanoparticles in a colloidal state with a certainty of more than 95%, allowing the nanoparticles to be adequately characterized. Therefore, it is concluded that artificial vision adequately characterized gold nanoparticles' wavelength, absorbance, diameter, and concentration.
Correlaciones fenotípicas y medidas biométricas en ovinos criollos de la región Huancavelica
(Revista de investigación científica siglo XXI, 2023-01-27) Contreras Paco, José Luis; Contreras Paco, José Luis
El presente estudio se realizó en el Camal Municipal de Huancavelica, Perú. Se registraron datos de 111 ovinos criollos procedentes de criadores de diferentes lugares de la zona, de ambos sexos y de dos edades (4 y 6 dientes), controlados en el período de febrero 2022 a marzo 2022, con el objetivo de determinar correlaciones fenotípicas entre el PVS y las medidas biométricas: longitud de cuerpo (LC), altura de cruz (ALCR), profundidad de tórax (PTR), amplitud torácica (AMTR), perímetro torácico (PT), amplitud de lomo (AMLM) y largo de lomo (LALM). No hubo efecto del sexo en los PVS, pero si en el factor edad. La variable PVS fue mayor en la edad de 6 dientes respecto a 4 dientes en ovinos criollos, pero en sexo el mayor peso obtuvo las hembras respecto a los machos. Se evidenciado correlaciones fenotípicas moderamente baja entre PVS con PT=0.53***, LC con PTR=0.46***, PVS con AMTR=0.46***, ALCR con PTR=0.42***, PT con AMLM=0.57***, PT con LALM= 0.58** y AMRT con PT=0.71***. Se concluye que el PT, PVS con AMLM y LALM de los ovinos criollos estudiados se puede utilizarse predictores para peso vivo.
Determination of the Reliability of the Automated System for Organoleptic Water Quality
(Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej, 2024-07-01) Carbajal Morán, Hipólito; Galván Maldonado, Carlos Abel; Zárate Quiñones, Rosa Haydeé; Osorio Berrocal, Emilio; Cortez Galindo, Hernán; Márquez-Camarena, Javier Francisco
Water quality is essential for a healthy life, so it is necessary to look for technologies to measure its parameters in real time and automatically. The purpose of this study was to implement and determine the reliability of an automated system to evaluate the Organoleptic Water Quality intended for human consumption, in the urban distribution network of the district of Daniel Hernandez - Peru, using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Simulink. The study was carried out from January to March 2024, corresponding to the rainfall season. In the process of the research, a data acquisition and processing algorithm was implemented in a Simatic S7 1500 PLC with analog input module; using the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) methodology. The work focused on five key water parameters: potential hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, free chlorine (FCL) and temperature. The methodology included programming in contact language (KOP) of the algorithm for calculating subscripts for each parameter, according to the functions established by NSF-WQI. Measurements were performed with 4-wire sensing devices with 4-20 mA current signals, ensuring data accuracy. The interface to visualize the parameters and the water quality index was implemented in Simulink, communicating via OPC UA with the PLC server, facilitating the graphical representation of the Organoleptic Water Quality index. The overall equipment efficiency (OEE) or automated system implemented was 90.56%, indicating its acceptable reliability for evaluating water quality. By performing the measurements, with the sensors of the five parameters immersed in tap water, at each of the three established sampling points (Dwelling_1, Dwelling_2 and Dwelling_3) along the water distribution network, the system facilitated the automated and real-time evaluation of the quality, resulting in an average NSF-WQI of 83.08%, classifying the water as good for human consumption. This information is important for water quality management and can guide future treatments to achieve better quality.
Evaluation of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index by Remote Sensing with Landsat Satelites in the Tayacaja Valley in the Central Andes of Peru
(Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej, 2023-08-15) Carbajal Morán, Hipólito; Márquez Camarena, Javier Francisco; Galván-Maldonado, Carlos Abel; Zárate Quiñones, Rosa H.; Galván Maldonado, Alberto C.; Muñoz de la Torre, Rossibel Juana
The research sought to evaluate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the study area located in the province of Tayacaja, which includes the districts of Acraquia, Ahuaycha, Pampas and Daniel Hernández, which is part of the central Andes of Peru. The data were collected in low water seasons with a longitudinal cut of 30 years with one sample per year, starting in 1993 until 2022; these samples corresponded to the month of August of each year. The images were extracted from maps from Landsat satellite databases, which were filtered for low cloud cover to avoid interference with the images. Maps from 1993 to 2012 were obtained from Landsat 5 satellite, while from 2013 to 2022 data were obtained from Landsat 8 satellite. The normalized difference vegetation index was determined using Quantum GIS based on the red and near infrared maps; being the minimum NDVI value obtained -0.18, which corresponds to the aquatic body of the Upamayu River that crosses from west to east the study area; while the highest NDVI obtained was 0.79 indicating a greater vegetation cover constituted by mainly eucalyptus plants. The mean NDVI of the 30 years is close to 0.21; this is an indicator that the vegetation is scarce and that it is decreasing mainly due to population growth.
Families of Graceful Spiders with (2k+1)k, (2k+1)k+1 and (2k+1)+k+1 Legs
(Universal Wiser Publisher PTE. LTD., 2025-01-21) Berrocal Huamani, Nelson; Atoche Bravo, María Jacqueline; Poma, F.
We say that a tree is a spider if has at most one vertex of degree greater than two. We obtain existence of families of gracefuls spiders with ℓ(2k +1)−k, ℓ(2k +1)−k +1 and ℓ(2k +1)+k +1 legs. We provide specific labels for each spider graph, these labels are constructed from graceful path graphs that have a particular label, so there is acorrespondence between some paths and graceful spiders that we are studying, this correspondence is described in an algorithm outlined in the preliminaries.
Families of gracefuls spiders with 3l, 3l+2 and 3l-1 legs
(Universal Wiser Publisher PTE. LTD., 2024-11-07) Berrocal Huamani, Nelson; Atoche Bravo, María Jacqueline
We say that a tree is a spider if has at most one vertex of degree greater than two. We prove the existence of families of graceful spiders with 3ℓ, 3ℓ+2 and 3ℓ−1 legs. We provide specific labels for each spider graph, these labels are constructed from graceful path graphs that have a particular label, so there is a correspondence between some paths and graceful spiders that we are studying, this correspondence is described in an algorithm outlined in the preliminaries.
Fomento del pensamiento computacional a través de la resolución de problemas en estudiantes de ingeniería de reciente ingreso en una universidad pública de la región andina del Perú
(2022-10-20) Sinche Crispín, Fernando; Sinche Crispín, Fernando; Revista lbérica de Sistemas y Tecnologías de Información
En el artículo, los autores proponen proyectos tecnológicos para desarrollar el pensamiento computacional siguiendo las fases de la resolución de problemas: comprensión del problema, elaboración del plan, ejecución del plan y revisión de la solución. Durante la ejecución de los proyectos, los alumnos realizaron actividades, como elaboración de algoritmos, programación de la placa Arduino y sensores desde una interfaz amigable y lúdica como el mBlock; así como la depuración de programas hasta obtener los resultados esperados; estas actividades realizadas por los alumnos, repercutieron en los procesos cognitivos (razonamiento, toma de decisiones, comprensión del entorno, lógica, etc.), prácticas y perspectivas tecnológicas. Se ha demostrado que existe causalidad entre las habilidades del pensamiento computacional y las fases de la resolución de problemas en un entorno de estudiantes de ingeniería de reciente ingreso a la universidad. Para el análisis de la relación entre las habilidades del pensamiento computacional y resolución de problemas se utilizó la prueba estadística de correlación de Pearson a través del software SPSS.
La violencia obstétrica como biopoder: A propósito de la dignidad de la mujer
(Revista de Ciencias Humanas, Teoría Social y Pensamiento Crítico, 2023-06) Mendoza Vilcahuaman, Jenny; Mendoza Vilcahuaman, Jenny
La violencia obstétrica es un problema filosófico, en tanto simboliza el trato deshumanizado hacia la mujer y el ejercicio del poder sobre el cuerpo femenino, afectando negativamente sus derechos. Este es un concepto nacido del ámbito jurídico, pero que prontamente tomó di- mensiones éticas, filosóficas e interdisciplinarias que ameritan explora- ción constante, dado que, en su trasfondo, se relaciona con problemas estructurales de la sociedad, tales como la violencia de género o la vio- lencia institucional, producto del crecimiento de la cultura patriarcal, an- drocéntrica y machista. En virtud de lo anteriormente dicho, el artículo analiza la violencia obstétrica como una violencia ejercida contra la mu- jer, como parte de los mecanismos empleados por el biopoder, donde el obstetra, personal de salud y el hospital se convierten en dispositivos de control que, de alguna forma, modelan las conductas de la mujer hacia lo esperado normativamente por la sociedad. Por esta razón, la violencia obstétrica se forma como un constructo ideológico, que se integra a la hegemonía social, que cosifican, coaccionan y reprimen a la mujer, negando su racionalidad y dignidad.
Observational Study of Fetal Monitoring in Different Maternal Positions at More Than 3600 Masl Huancavelica, 2021
(International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 2023-06-25) Cardenas Pineda, Lina Yubana; Cardenas Pineda, Lina Yubana
This research aims to determine the effect of maternal left lateral decubitus and Fowler positions on electronic fetal monitoring at more than 3600 Masl-Huancavelica, 2021. Method: the research was pre-experimental, prospective, and longitudinal analytical; the level of research is explanatory; normality was evaluated with the Shapiro-Wilk statistician and statistical analysis with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test sample: 35 pregnant women between 32 and 42 weeks. Each one underwent two NST of 20 minutes (LLD and Fowler). Results: the average age was 25 years old and a mean of 37.26 weeks of gestational age; 37.1% were primigravida, 42.9% second gestation and 20% multiple gestations; in the NST in the LLD position, it was found: that 91.4% reactivity, 8.6% non-reactive, there were no pathological, while in the Fowler position: 74.3% presented reactivity, 20.0% non-reactive and 5.7% pathological. The baseline in LLD was 136.06, compared to 139.31 in Fowler. The mean of variability and accelerations was 10.51 and 4.49 in LLD and 9.63 and 3.43 in Fowler; few NSTs were identified with mild variable decelerations of 0.34 and 0.09, and fetal movements were 13.11 and 10.40, respectively. There is a significant difference in the baseline, showing less in LLD (“p” value 0.000). Conclusions: The LLD position shows better results than the non-stress test; a significant difference has been found in the baseline, while the variability, acceleration and movements are similar in both positions with a significance of 0.05.
Tunable PID Controller from the WinCC Unified Interface via OPC UA
(Engineering and Technology Publishing, 2024-09-01) Carbajal Morán, Hipólito; Galván Maldonado, Carlos Abel; Ramos Lapa, Everth Manuel; Márquez Camarena, Javier Francisco
Abstract—In this study, it was sought to implement a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in SIMATIC S7-1500 Programmer Logic Controller (PLC) with Open Platform Communications United Architecture (OPC UA) communication and tunable control from WinCC unified, in order to reduce the settling time of the temperature variable in the plant SO 3536-8T. Using the Ziegler-Nichols PID rule, adjustments were made to the Kp,Ti and Td coefficients of the PID controller. Initially set with values of Kp = 1.0, Ti = 20.00 s, Td = 0.1 s, and ess ≤ 2%. Without tuning, a maximum settling time of 193 s was achieved for a setpoint of 50 °C. After tuning from the WinCC unified interface, improved parameters (Kp = 6.05, Ti= 0.75 s, Td = 0.15 s) were obtained for ess ≤ 2%, presenting an underdamped response and a maximum settling time of 54 s. The tests present a reduction of the settling time of the variable higher than 60.25%, evidencing the effectiveness of the tunable PID controller in improving the system performance. Overall, the successful implementation of this tunable PID controller not only optimized the efficiency of the control system, but also provided a considerable reduction in the settling time of the temperature variable in the plant, representing a significant advance for the operation and overall efficiency of the process.

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